The FICO scoring model isn't to blame for the subprime meltdown nearly as much as the Clinton administration applying pressure to lenders to lend within the "red line".
Banks were given quotas to reach for lending in low income areas. What where they supposed to do except lower their lending standards?
There's a persistent misunderstanding about loans created under the underwriting guidelines set forth by the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 and granted to low-to-moderate income borrowers. I'm always happy to debunk this swift-moving urban legend. Maybe Snopes should devote a page to it.
CRA essentially says to banks: "If you wish to maintain your right to build handsome bricks-and-mortar banks in Beverly Hills, you must also lend in South Central [Los Angeles]."
In this respect, the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 is one of the most humane pieces of legislation ever passed. Without it, no one living in the inner cities of our country would ever be able to own a home located there. People who live in inner cities are poor, not necessarily deadbeats. CRA loans are not, nor were they ever, subprime loans. Consider this:
The borrower may select either a 30 year FRM or 5 year ARM--neither of which can be considered a subprime loan by any stretch of the imagination. No Option ARMs, no 2/28's, no neg am, no stated income, no no-doc, no nuthin'. Just plain vanilla long term FRMs or intermediate term ARMs allowed.
If you have bad credit, you can't get a CRA loan. If you have NO credit, you can still get a CRA loan, but you must submit "non-traditional credit"--which is far different than bad credit. If you have no non-traditional credit, you can't get a CRA loan.
CRA loans are full doc loans. You must adequately document your ability to make the monthly mortgage payment. You can use "boarder income" to qualify, but you can't say you make $X per year if you really make only $Y per year. That silliness was confined to the prime sector known as Alt-A.
CRA interest rates are below market. Incentives are paid to loan originators to originate them because poor people generally don't think about buying houses, so someone must go out into the community to prosyletize about home ownership.
First Time Homebuyer counseling is a part of obtaining approval for a CRA loan. Such a thing is practically unheard of in subprime lending. In fact, it's safe to say pre-purchase counseling has never been a prerequisite for subprime loan approval.
Hoping to disprove the unfounded rumor that CRA loans are somehow responsible for the subprime meltdown, an analysis was done. CRA loans are, at best, a fractional part of the overall problem. It's more likely that the slumping economy hits inner cities first and hardest, resulting in the INABILITY, not the UNWILLINGNESS to pay.
CRA Loans Not Responsible for Credit Meltdown
The Clinton Administration urged expansion of home ownership, and CRA loans were ONE WAY of accomplishing that goal, but the responsible underwriting guidelines of so called "geo-code" loans--that is, loans for houses in ZIP Codes identified as populated by low-to-moderate income citizens--take CRA loans squarely outside the definition of "The Mess We're In Now." Yes, quotas were put in place to incentivize banks to fulfill their moral obligation not to redline geographic areas, but CRA loans were never a license to lend without restraint, nor did they.
FDIC Chairperson Sheila Bair on CRA: "Not Guilty."
"Where in the CRA does it say to make loans to people who can't afford to repay? Nowhere." --Sheila Bair
Preach it, Sistah!