The home inspector discovered charring on the underside of the roof when he looked in the attic.  

I found that most of the plumbing under the house was busted so they came off the price and I re-plumbed the entire underside of the house.Once you get the water turned on it will be "unwinterized" If the electric is already on I would check the hot water heater if it has been on without water in it the elements are going to be burnt out.

The proper way to build a house in South Texas is with an unvented attic assembly and foam insulation at the walls and underside of the roof deck.

In some of our really old buildings (Victorian, Edwardian) it makes more sense to insulate the underside of the roof deck using closed cell foam and then place polyisocyanuarate hard board on the topside of the deck with a piggyback roof over top.

Lay the kitchen and bath caulk on the underside of the lip, and clamp it in place with the sink clamps that come with the sink.

It rained a little yesterday and I could see the rain dripping to the underside of the fascia since the drip edge is right against it now.

Basically what that means is if its inside face of stud, you are responsible for drywall and within your unit, if its outside face then you are responsible for piping in shaft that lead to unit (very rare).The other piece is vertically, which is either top of subfloor to backside of drywall (again within unit) or underside of deck to floor (which means you are responsible for piping).So a lot to uncover there along with determining where the leak is coming from, if its the drain that is you, if its within the wall, that is typically association. 

A lot of it had been fixed by a prior owner, but the underside of our house had a little of the same thing going as this one according to some prior repair pictures we saw.

Do you have underside photos, are you comfortable with the subfloor condition? 

If the standing water is a problem, you should see it on the underside of the floor-ie above where the water is.