It’s usually the projected rent. It’s easy to make a deal look good by using the highest rent you think you can get, but that can change the whole investment.
I’d rather underwrite the rent conservatively and have the deal still work. If the numbers only work at the optimistic end of the range, I probably don’t have enough margin for error.
It’s usually the projected rent. It’s easy to make a deal look good by using the highest rent you think you can get, but that can change the whole investment.
I’d rather underwrite the rent conservatively and have the deal still work. If the numbers only work at the optimistic end of the range, I probably don’t have enough margin for error.
Absolutely. Projected rent can make or break the numbers, especially when a deal is relying on the higher end of the market.
I like the conservative approach, if the deal still works with realistic rent assumptions, there’s much more room for unexpected costs or changes. It’s better to find that out during the underwriting stage than after closing.
What other assumption do you think investors tend to be overly optimistic about?
Rehab budget. It's the number I see investors get optimistic about more than any other.
Everyone pads the rent down and calls it conservative, then turns around and prices the rehab like everything goes right. It never does. My rule: the rehab number in my underwriting is the contractor's number plus 15%, and the timeline is the contractor's timeline plus 30 days. If the deal doesn't survive that, I don't do it.
The reason I'm strict about it: I run standardized scopes — 2/1 to 3/1 conversions, carport to master bedroom, 400-650 sq ft added — so my crews do the same work house after house. Even with that, surprises happen. On a house you've never opened up, the rehab is a guess until the walls are open.
Rent optimism kills you slowly. Rehab optimism kills you all at once, in week three, when you're already committed.
This is a great point. I think rehab is one of the easiest numbers to underestimate because it’s tempting to use the best-case contractor estimate instead of planning for what could actually happen once the walls are opened up.
Adding a buffer to both the budget and timeline seems much more realistic. I also like the idea of using standardized scopes when possible, it gives you a much better baseline from one project to the next.
Do you find that the 15% contingency is usually enough, or are there certain types of properties where you build in an even larger cushion?
For me it's property tax. The number on the listing is usually the current owner's bill, and it can be based on an old assessment. After a sale, it can get reassessed closer to your purchase price.
One Columbus house I looked at was listed at $249,900 with $1,886 a year in tax. At the local rate on that price it's closer to $3,500, or about $136 a month that wasn't in the original math. On a thin deal, that alone can flip cash flow negative.
So I run the county's rate on my offer price and check how reassessment works locally. Some places have abatements or phase it in, so I treat it as an estimate until I've confirmed it with the county.
That’s a great point! Property taxes can easily get overlooked, especially when investors rely on the current owner’s bill instead of estimating what it could look like after reassessment. I like your approach of running the numbers based on your offer price and confirming the local rules before moving forward. Have you found any other expenses that tend to catch investors off guard when evaluating a deal?
Insurance is the next one for me. A lot of first-pass numbers use a rough figure, but a landlord policy usually costs more than a homeowner policy, and an old roof or old wiring can push the price up or make coverage harder to get. I try to get a real quote on the actual house before I trust the number. It takes one phone call, and it can change the deal.