Love this question. If I were starting over today, I’d focus first on people and reps.
Building relationships early makes everything easier; learning curves shorten, mistakes get smaller, and opportunities show up faster. At the same time, I’d be underwriting deals constantly, even if I wasn’t ready to buy yet. Running numbers over and over is what really builds confidence and helps you recognize a good opportunity when it shows up.
Here’s what I wish I had understood early on: the tenant who occupies your property determines your investment success—not the property itself or paper returns.
My first purchase was an off market C-class four-plex in Houston that (I believed) I got at a great price. On paper it looked like a cash cow. It attracted low-income, cash-based tenants. To make a long story short, I lost about $1,000 a month due to evictions, vandalism, and unpaid rent. Also, most were Section 8. I always received the government portion, but I rarely received the tenant portion. So on average, I only received about 80% of the expected rent.
By contrast, my next purchase—two A/B-class four-plexes in an Atlanta suburb—attracted young professionals. They paid on time, maintained the property, and I had only minimal repairs. Same asset type. Completely different tenant segment. Completely different outcome.
Here’s the advice that experience taught me:
Don’t be fooled by “paper returns:” High cash flow on paper means nothing if you can’t collect the rent or lose everything to Section 8 tenants or massive repair costs. Actual returns depend on the tenant, not the property.
The property is only a container: Buildings never pay rent—tenants do. Start by identifying a tenant segment that stays for years, then buy properties similar to what they currently rent.
The 17-year results of this tenant-centric strategy:
600+ properties delivered to 170+ mostly remote clients
Clients typically buy three or more properties because of the sustained performance
Average tenant stay of over 5 years
Seven evictions across 1,000+ tenants
Zero rent decline or vacancies during the 2008 financial crash
The properties averaged ~7% annual appreciation and ~5% rent growth since 2015
Vacancy rates below 2%
The bottom line
Property type doesn't matter, no property ever paid rent, the tenant pays the rent. Choose a tenant segment who stays for many years, then buy properties similar to what they're currently renting.