The 1% rule — and when I break it

The 1% rule — and when I break it

James JonesPro Member
Investor · Collierville, TN 38017 · Member since 2017 · 716 posts · 525 votes

I run the 1% rule on every deal I look at in Memphis. It's a quick filter, not a religion.

Here's how my numbers work. I buy single-family houses under $100K, rehab them, and rent them out. A lot of my rehabs are conversions — 2/1 to 3/1, 3/1 to 4/2 — because the extra bedroom pays for itself on both rent and appraisal. ARV lands between $180K and $265K, and I refi on DSCR at 70-80% LTV. That formula got me to 236 doors.

On Section 8 deals I break the 1% rule constantly — but I break it in the good direction. I buy all-in under $100K and rent 3BR+ homes at $1,395-$1,950 a month. That's way past 1%. The cash flow plus the equity I capture on the refi more than covers any deal that barely misses.

When do I break it the other way and take less than 1%? When the deal still cash flows after the refi, the rehab is simple, and the property is in one of my core ZIPs — 38109, 38111, 38112, 38114, 38116, 38117, 38118, 38122, 38128. I'd rather take a slightly thinner ratio on a street I know than chase a bigger number somewhere I can't find a crew.

My bottleneck isn't the rule. It's deal flow — finding enough good buys to keep the machine fed.

What rule do you actually underwrite with — the 1% rule, 2% rule, or something else?

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  • Simon W.Business Member
    Real Estate Consultant · Lehigh Valley PA & New York City · Member since 2013 · 1k+ posts · 669 votes
    1d

    Agree it's a filter, not a religion. The thing I'd add is checking the 1% guess against what each door actually does once you've owned it a year.

    Rent-to-price is a gross number. It doesn't see taxes, insurance, turnover, Section 8 inspection fixes, or the water heater in year two. The deals that "passed 1%" and still disappoint usually have a big repairs line that nobody split out by property, so it's hard to tell which house is dragging.

    At 236 doors I'd run a simple P&L by property every year and compare it to what you underwrote. That shows you which ZIPs and which rehab types really earn their keep, and it makes the refi package a lot easier to put together. The rule gets you in the door. The by-property numbers tell you whether to buy the next one on that street.

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  • Joe VilleneuvePro Member
    Plymouth, MI · Member since 2013 · 13k+ posts · 19k+ votes
    1d

    You can't break it because it was never not broken to begin with.

  • Mark UpdegraffBusiness Member
    Real Estate Broker · Rochester, NY · Member since 2010 · 1k+ posts · 701 votes
    11h

    @James Jones I think the 1% rule is fine as an initial filter, but it doesn't tell you enough about the property to make an acquisition decision.

    We're doing real estate sales, property management and general contracting in Rochester, NY, so we get to see how the original underwriting compares with actual construction costs and rental performance.

    I'm particularly interested in your bedroom conversions.

    That's an area where I think investors can create substantial value, but you have to account for legal bedroom requirements, construction costs, achievable rent and what the appraiser will actually recognize.

    The extra bedroom isn't necessarily worth the same amount in every neighborhood.

    I'm curious whether you're finding the additional bedrooms produce more value through increased rent or through the appraisal when you refinance.

  • James JonesPro Member
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    Investor · Collierville, TN 38017 · Member since 2017 · 716 posts · 525 votes
    11h

    Mark — both, and that's exactly why I do the conversions.

    On a 3/1 to 4/2 or a 2/1 to 3/1, the extra bedroom moves the rent first. My 3BR+ Section 8 rents run $1,395 to $1,950, and that step up in bedroom count is what puts a house into the higher voucher range. Rent is the number the DSCR refi runs on, at 70 to 80% LTV.

    The appraisal is the second half. A converted house in one of my 9 ZIPs appraises against houses I've already bought on the same streets, with ARVs at $180K to $265K. That only works where I know the comps cold.

    So I underwrite it in this order: does the conversion raise the rent enough to clear the 1% rule, and will the finished house appraise? If either answer is no, I don't do the conversion.

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