I always despised those flippant little sections of finance texts that summarily discounted the value of IRR because it has more than one solution in some cases or isn't a perfectly elegant mathematical solution.

Chase the property, and you will lose money.Now, as far as the "potential" of there actually being other offers that came in goes, that shouldn't matter since this isn't a contest...it's a mathematical formula based on the answer (profit/cash flow) and not on the question (getting the property). 

You win buy buying Park Place or Boardwalk and putting up hotels on them.also mathematically speaking, only appreciation really matters, if appreciation velocity is fast enough you can put cash flow as less priority as long you know when to sell.

I calculated what it was worth based on average price per square foot, than gave it a 10% hair cut because it's the largest house in the neighborhood and the mathematical result would have priced the house out of the neighborhood.

There's a mathematical approach but it's complicated statistics.

It's as mathematical certainty. 

. $500,000 versus similar gain in S&P and househacking.Househacking is greatly exceeded S&P return in any environment.I think mathematically speaking only househacking strategy that can outperfom any other investment in the long run.

A credit score is the result of a mathematical computation.

It is a provable proposition and my point can actually be mathematical proven to be correct.

I changed my major in college back in the day because I couldn't handle minoring in mathematics.