OP. Your original post. You have several examples or statements.
1. You paid cash $160k and now it will not perform better than the S&P if you sell.
Paying $160k for a house with no or little leverage is not Real Estate Investing.
A person would only do this if it was their home. If it was your home for 2 of 5 years as your primary residence then $250,000 for one person is tax free capital gains. Versus Stocks. If the person did not do this, they would have paid rent with no return. Even if they broke even, they are ahead when they sell.
If you rented it as an investment, then you need to include that income in your calc. And only put $xx,xxx down.
2. If you took the same $160k and invested it, as a REI strategy your wealth would be far greater than any S&P return historically or going forward (see next section). We do Self storage, country subdivisions, getting into flex buildings and Teak plantations. With that same $160k. Self storage- we would expect a return of $1mm in 2 years. Plus our downpayment back. Country subdivision- expect 100% return in 3 year average. Flex- Expect $500k return in 2 years. Teak- expect $12mm in 10 years. The point is not the great returns. To get to this base had a lot of failures, but you persevere. But also you develop your own REI strategy and yes you succeed better than the first house you bought or any of the first deals any of us made.
3. S&P returns. Several angles to this.
A. Evolution of human economies. Hunter gatherer, farm, with horse, mechanized, agricultural, energy, computers, internet communications and internet. The tech centered S&P is going from first entrance to commodity. Potential for value growth is not there going forward compared to the last 20 years.
S&P P/E ratio is about 25. Subject to a temporary financial issue, which would be gambling, it is at a ceiling for value growth.
B. Baby boomers- see the chart below. All those 401k dollars will or are moving to a high fixed income mix. Foregone conclusion. Those dollars moving out of the S&P will put downward pressure on the S&P value. The bulge between 55 to 70.
C. S&P leverage- you could have leveraged, but you probably would have gone broke on margin calls around 2010 and 2021. No leverage calls on REI as long as you're cash flowing. Banks don't want property.


4. Average new investor at this time will lose money. But like all of us they will have gained knowledge plus they won’t be as scared to jump off the cliff next time.
5. Anyone getting into REI goal should be financial independence. Should never evaluate whether REI is good, better, best based on one deal. If you have $10,000 there is no reason for you not to have $1mm in 10 years. If you're young and have $0 there is no reason for you not to be worth $10mm today dollars in 30 years.
There are many posts comparing stock market versus REI already. If I was 35 and had $200,000 in a 401k, I would pay the penalties and get $100,000 to invest. After I learned my strategy.